Though this planet’s 4-day period and mass over a hundred times that of Earth were incompatible with theories of planet formation at the time of its discovery, it has since become the prototypical example of such planets. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this first exoplanet discovered to be orbiting a main sequence star, for which Mayor and Queloz were awarded two thirds of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics.
ANSWER: 51 Pegasi b [or Dimidium]
[10e] Large planets with short orbital periods like 51 Pegasi b are known as the “hot” kind of this gas giant. A high-pressure anticyclonic storm on this planet generates its Great Red Spot.
ANSWER: Jupiter
[10m] Exoplanet discovery was revolutionized in 2012 by the launch of a telescope named for this astronomer that observed habitable-zone planets like “22b” via the transit method. This astronomer posited a platonic solid model of the solar system in the Mysterium Cosmographicum.
ANSWER: Johannes Kepler
<JC, Physics - Astronomy>