Johann Maelzel patented the mechanical form of these devices, leading to his friend Beethoven being among the first composers to adopt them. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name these devices that are the subject of a fringe theory that attempts to explain Beethoven’s fast tempi. These devices allowed composers to specify a numerical tempo in units of “beats per minute,” and are imitated by modern click tracks.
ANSWER: metronomes
[10h] In some tempo indications, this composer would specify the length of a pendulum the performer could use in place of a wind-up metronome. This Czech-born Classical composer is best known for his 25 wind quintets.
ANSWER: Anton Reicha [or Antonín Joseph Reicha or Antoine Joseph Reicha]
[10m] Beethoven’s student Czerny inherited his teacher’s tendency for fast tempo markings, especially in his 100 “Progressive” entries in this genre. Czerny was the dedicatee of his own student’s collection in this genre, which includes entries such as Harmonies du soir and Feux Follets.
ANSWER: études [or studies; accept Transcendental Études or Études d'exécution transcendante or 100 Progressive Studies; accept Übungsstücke or practice pieces]
<JC, Classical Music>