Cosmology based on this theory removes the Big Bang in favor of the Big Bounce. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this theory that uses Planck length-scale spin networks called spin foams to produce path integrals.
ANSWER: loop quantum gravity [or LQG]
[10e] Spin foams can be thought of as generalizations of this physicist’s namesake “diagrams.” The path integral formulation was developed by this physicist, who shared a Nobel prize with Tomonaga and Schwinger for their work on QED.
ANSWER: Richard Feynman [or Richard Phillips Feynman; accept Feynman diagrams]
[10m] One difficulty with LQG is a problem named for the “doubling” of these particles, represented by solid lines on Feynman diagrams. A statement about these particles related to the spin-statistics theorem may be used to derive a distribution partially named for Dirac.
ANSWER: fermions [accept chiral fermions or fermion doubling or fermionic propagators or fermionic fields; anti-prompt on electrons or positrons or leptons]
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