By measuring the R630/580 ratio, low-quality DFD and RSE forms of this substance can be detected since its transmittance depends on pH. This anisotropic substance must be cored specifically perpendicularly before analysis in a Warner-Bratzer machine. The water-holding capacity of this substance is minimized at its ultimate pH, which is typically around 5.5. In a condition colloquially named for this substance, alpha-gal reacts with IgE (-5[1])due to Lone Star tick bites. (-5[1])Isopeptide (15[2])bonds are formed in this substance in a common application of (*) transglutaminase, which is named for acting as a ■END■