Degasification is classified as pre-drainage or post-drainage, depending on whether it is done before or after this process. This process is the primary application of a failure criterion relating major and minor principal stresses called the Hoek-Brown criterion. A form of breast stoping called the room and pillar method is commonly used in this process. Oxidation of sulfides by Acidithiobacillus bacteria can cause an (*) "acid drainage" named for locations for this process. Desired materials obtained through this process typically must then undergo froth flotation to remove gangue. Mountaintop removal is an approach to this process in which explosives are used to remove overburden, thus exposing underlying seams. For 10 points, name this process in which economically valuable ore is extracted from underground. ■END■
ANSWER: mining [accept word forms; accept specific types of or approaches to mining like strip mining or open-pit mining; accept answers referring to the mining of specific materials such as coal mining; prompt on mineral extraction or ore extraction; prompt on prospecting or resource exploration; prompt on answers referring to drilling or drilling holes or boreholes or digging in the ground]
<Chen, Other Science>
= Average correct buzz position