Jean Marteilhe (“mar-TAY-yuh”) wrote a rare memoir of life as one of these people, who were watched by argousins (“ar-goo-ZANS”) and worked in groups called chiourmes (“shee-OORMS”) in the scaloccio (“ska-LOTCH-oh”) system. Working as a chaplain to these people inspired Vincent de Paul to found the Lazarists. A statue of the Virgin Mary was supposedly thrown out a window by John Knox during the 19 months he spent as one of these people after being found in St. Andrew’s Castle with the killers of David Beaton. Instead of working in this role, forçats (“for-SAHTS”) were sent to the Toulon (*) Bagne (“BAN-yuh”) after a 1748 edict that ended the use of this role as the most common punishment for male convicts in France. In the Mediterranean, captives served in this role while chained to benches on the xebecs (“ZEE-becks”) used by Barbary pirates. For 10 points, at the Battle of Lepanto, the labor of what people propelled the Holy League’s ships? ■END■
ANSWER: galley rowers [or galley slaves; or galériens; accept word forms of rowing or using oars; prompt on slaves, prisoners, convicts, or synonyms; prompt on galley crew, crews, or ship crew, sailors, or boatmen by asking “serving in what role on the ship?”]
<TH/JB, European History>
= Average correct buzz position