Question

One of this scientist’s derivations violates Poisson’s [PWAH-sohn’s] equation but still arrives at the correct result, which Binney and Tremaine called his namesake “swindle.” For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this scientist who names a length scale equal to the square root of the quantity [read slowly] fifteen k T over four pi G mu rho. Molecular clouds larger than that length scale named for this scientist will collapse to form stars.
ANSWER: Sir James Hopwood Jeans [accept Jeans length; accept Jeans radius; accept Jeans swindle; accept Jeans criterion]
[10e] Molecular clouds are primarily composed of this element. Main-sequence stars fuse this element into helium.
ANSWER: hydrogen [accept molecular hydrogen; prompt on H]
[10m] Protostars formed by collapsing molecular clouds radiate energy as they contract by a mechanism named for this other scientist and Helmholtz, who also name an “instability” that can produce clouds in planetary atmospheres.
ANSWER: Lord Kelvin [or William Thomson or 1st Baron Kelvin; accept Kelvin-Helmholtz mechanism; accept Kelvin-Helmholtz instability]
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Summary

2024 Booster Shot (Columbia)02/23/2024Y611.67100%17%0%
2024 Booster Shot (Great Lakes)03/09/2024Y613.33100%33%0%
2024 Booster Shot (Vanderbilt)03/02/2024Y415.00100%50%0%
2024 Booster Shot (WUSTL)03/09/2024Y313.33100%33%0%
2024 Booster Shot (Waterloo)02/23/2024Y417.50100%50%25%

Data

Truman StateSIUE0101020
WUSTL JWUSTL A010010
WUSTL CSquidward Community College010010