Immanuel Bloch’s group transitioned one of these substances to a Mott insulator from a superfluid phase. Lene Hau transferred a beam of light carrying a qubit between two of these substances. An equation describing these substances contains a pseudopotential equal to “four pi times h-bar squared times scattering length over mass.” Collisions between two components of these substances can form a short-lived Feshbach resonance. The single-particle wavefunction of these substances is governed by the (*) Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Wolfgang Ketterle created one of these substances using sodium atoms, a few months after Cornell and Wieman created the first one by using laser cooling on a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms. For 10 points, identify this“fifth state of matter” consisting of ultracold atoms with integer spin. ■END■
ANSWER: BEC [or Bose-Einstein condensates; prompt on Bose gas or ultracold quantum gas or Fermi gas or Bose liquid or Fermi liquid; prompt on condensates]
<Science - Physics>
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