By multiplying with a reference signal and then integrating, this astronomer developed a device to detect signals in high noise environments called a lock-in amplifier. An optical cavity coupled to a set of two level systems is this physicist’s namesake model that first predicted superradiance. Using Dirac’s large numbers hypothesis, this physicist first argued for the anthropic principle, and he also allegedly coined the name of black holes (-5[1])based on the Black Hole of Calcutta. This scientist learned via (*) phone call that he had been “scooped” in his discovery of the CMBR. Doppler broadening is reduced by frequent collisions in a “narrowing” named for this man. This physicist is the second namesake of a scalar field theory which replaces one over big G with a varying scalar field. For 10 points, identify this American physicist who co-names an alternative to GR with Carl Brans. ■END■ (0[6])