Donald M. Lewis’s “Short History” of this position among Christians recounts the 7th Earl of Shaftesbury’s support and traces its rise to the pietist Philipp Spener’s attempt at literal fulfillment of Romans 11, verse 26. The idea that the “Church Age” is a historical “Great Parenthesis” preceding the pre-tribulational rapture informs dispensationalist support for this position formerly called “Christian restorationism.” The CUFI of John Hagee (-5[1])was founded to advocate for this stance, whose Christian opponents typically hold to (*) “replacement theology” or “covenant theology” forms of supersessionism. This stance is popular among evangelicals (10[1])because of the belief (10[1])that a 1948 geopolitical (10[1])event was a prerequisite for the end-times construction of the Third Temple. For 10 points, name this often religiously-motivated political (10[1])position of support for the modern state of Israel. ■END■ (10[1])