Due to a factor of this quantity squared, linear accelerators exhibit negligible radiation loss compared to circular ones. The reciprocal of this quantity gives the approximate width of the radiation cone of a moving particle, and protons can reach higher energies than electrons in circular accelerators due to synchrotron radiation being proportional to this quantity to the (*) fourth power. Two pi times the radius times this quantity equals the circumference of a rigid rotating disk. M (-5[1])c squared times this value equals energy, which (10[1])also appears in the top left of the boost matrix between collinear reference (10[1])frames. This quantity is equal to one over the square root of the quantity one minus velocity squared over the speed of light squared. For (10[1])10 points, name this quantity, denoted gamma, that quantifies the magnitude of time dilation in special relativity. ■END■