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Denise Murrell uses Fang byeri reliquary figures to demonstrate how African sculpture’s “sophisticated approach” to depicting the human figure with this quality inspired Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this quality that involves departure from accurate representation of reality in art. This quality characterizes the “expressionism” of Jackson Pollock.
ANSWER: abstract [accept word forms like abstraction; accept abstract expressionism]
[10h] The Bambara value clarity and abstraction of a subject’s essence, as in ciwara (“chee-WAH-rah”) carvings of these animals. John Chilembwe (“chee-LEM-bway”) towers over a missionary in a Samson Kambalu sculpture named for this animal for the Fourth Plinth.
ANSWER: antelopes [accept roan antelopes or dajɛw (“DAH-jeh-oo”); accept scimitar oryxes or dankalankulew; prompt on aardvarks or pangolins or humans by asking “what is the main animal represented in ciwaraw?”; reject “deer”] (The virtue of “clarity” is called jɛya in Bambara, and the “essence” or “kernel” of a subject is its kolo. The second sculpture is Kambalu’s Antelope.)
[10m] People in this country’s southwest hold that “inner character is beauty,” exemplified by veranda post carvings of Ọlọ́wẹ̀ of Ìsẹ̀. This modern-day country’s Igbesanmwan (“ee-bay-SAHM-wahn”) guild made ivory masks of Queen Idia.
ANSWER: Nigeria [or Federal Republic of Nigeria or Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Ìjọba Àpapọ̀ ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà] (The Yorùbá maxim is ìwà l’ẹwà.)
<AS, Visual Arts>

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