The “excess” of one substance needed to correct this quantity is often between -2 and +2 and is reported on ABG panels, which show this quantity first. Winters’s formula calculates the expected respiratory compensation in one disturbance to this quantity. Kussmaul breathing may compensate for a high anion gap disturbance in this quantity, which can result from the overproduction of (*) beta-hydroxybutyrate in diabetics. Diarrhea and vomiting cause hypochloremic, hypokalemic derangements in this quantity, whose [emphasize] decrease reduces hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen in the Bohr effect. Metabolic disturbances to this quantity are offset by adjusting CO2 levels since this quantity is regulated by carbonic anhydrase. For 10 points, the bicarbonate buffer system helps maintain what physiological quantity around 7.4? ■END■
ANSWER: blood pH [accept anion gap until read; prompt on pH; prompt on acidity, basicity, or alkalinity; prompt on PaCO2 or carbon dioxide partial pressure by asking “what other quantity does that indicate a change in?”]
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