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This language’s internet slang uses the number 9, which can be used as an intensifier, as an infix in words like “sor9ry” (“soh-gow-lee”). For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this language, from which phrases like “add oil” were loaned into English. This language uses the Jyutping romanization system, which represents tones with numbers unlike Mandarin’s pīnyīn system.
ANSWER: Cantonese [or Yue Chinese, Guǎngdōnghuà or Gwong2 dung1 waa2; accept Hong Kong Cantonese, Xiānggǎng yuèyǔ or hoeng1 gong2 jyut6 jyu5; prompt on Chinese or Zhōngwén; reject “Mandarin Chinese” or “Hànyǔ” or “Pǔtōnghuà”]
[10m] K.K. Luke modeled this practice in Hong Kong Cantonese with its “expedient” and “orientational” forms. Carol Myers-Scotton’s markedness model assumes that this speech practice is rational.
ANSWER: code-switching [or code-mixing; accept language alternation]
[10h] An intra-sentential code-switching model named for these things distinguishes between content and system morphemes to identify the dominating language that “blocks” the incongruent embedded language. These things can name clauses that have embedded subordinate clauses.
ANSWER: matrices [or matrix; accept matrix language frame model or matrix clause; prompt on MLF model]
<CH, Social Science>

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Georgia Tech CInnovation Academy C100010
Johns CreekLambert100010
MiltonInnovation Academy A100010
Georgia Tech DMississippi State100010
Georgia Tech AGeorgia Tech B100010