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A practice named for this act forms the basis of rāja yoga, the so-called “fourth” soteriological path to moksha, but is more commonly considered a means of attaining samādhi (“suh-MAH-dee”), a state of bliss. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this Hindu epistemological concept roughly translatable as “contemplation” or “thought.” This word precedes the phrase “yo naḥ prachodayāt” (“yo nuh pruh-CHO-duh-yaht”) at the end of the Gāyatrī Mantra (“GUY-uh-tree MUN-truh”).
ANSWER: dhīḥ (“dee”) [accept word forms like dhīmahi or dhiyo; accept dhyāna yoga]
[10e] Dhīḥ is the root for dhyāna (“D’YAW-nuh”), the Indic name for this practice done as a means of attaining samādhi. This mindful, contemplative action for mental clarity and calm is often done sitting cross-legged.
ANSWER: meditation
[10m] The role of dhyāna in leading to samādhi and moksha is explained in a pada of Patanjali’s Yoga Sūtra with this name. Along with red kunkum (“KOONG-koom”), a sacred white ash powder of this name is applied to the forehead when visiting a temple.
ANSWER: vibhūti (“vib-BOO-tee”) [accept Vibhūtipadaḥ]
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