As an adjective, this shape names a square lattice model developed by Kitaev with a spin-1/2 particle on each edge, which exhibits abelian anyons and is fault-tolerant due to its topological order. Certain perturbed quasiperiodic orbits will remain on an "invariant" one of these shapes according to the K·A·M theorem. A 2D crystal's first Brillouin zone has the topology of this shape, since it is a square with periodic boundary conditions. The poloidal component points along the shorter way to (*) wind around one of these surfaces. Sakharov and Tamm showed that twisting a magnetic field along a chamber of this shape could confer enough stability to reach temperatures needed for ignition. Plasma is confined into one of these shapes in a fusion reactor called a tokamak. For 10 points, name this shape that resembles a donut. ■END■
ANSWER: torus [or T1, or S1 times S1; accept the toric code; accept invariant torus; accept toroidal field; prompt on donut until read]
<VD, Physics>
= Average correct buzz position