John Maynard Keynes dubbed this thinker “the first of the Cambridge economists” for his conception of “effective demand,” by which he advocated for some measure of “unproductive consumption.” Julian Simon opposed a revival of this thinker’s theories in the late 20th century. Oded Galor’s unified growth theory builds on this thinker’s claim that technological change had little long-term effect (10[1])on income per capita before industrialization. This thinker argues that the “passion between the sexes” causes one quantity to increase geometrically while another increases arithmetically, which leads to “preventive checks” like famine and disease. For 10 points, name this economist who explained how his namesake “trap” leads to poverty and starvation in the Essay on Population. ■END■