This quantity appears in the denominator of the critical temperature but [emphasize] not the critical pressure in the van der Waals definition. Trouton’s rule approximates the entropy of vaporization of many liquids as approximately 10.5 times this (10[1])quantity. This (10[1])quantity was formerly obtained from measuring the speed of sound in argon at the triple point of water. Mayer’s relation equates this quantity with the difference in two types of molar heat capacities. The negative product of this quantity, (10[2])temperature, and the natural log of (10[1])the equilibrium constant (10[1])gives the change in (10[1])Gibbs free energy at standard conditions. This quantity equals the product of (10[1])Boltzmann’s constant and Avogadro’s (10[1])number. For 10 points, name this constant equal to 8.314 (-5[1])joules per mole kelvin, symbolized R. (10[1])■END■