Focal conic domains in these materials can form striking textures like the “flower.” The Kibble–Zurek mechanism was first demonstrated in these materials, because their topological defects, such as disclinations, are easily imaged with POM. The real projective plane is the configuration space of a unit vector describing these materials that is used to define the distortion free energy, the director. Landau–de Gennes mean-field theory describes the phase transition from an isotropic phase to these materials. Applying a voltage between a pair of polarizing filters aligns molecules in one of these materials, preventing light transmission, in the twisted nematic effect. Cholesteryl benzoate was the first of these materials, which have orientational order but flow freely. For 10 points, name these soft materials used in electronic displays. (10[1])■END■