Goldreich–Sridhar theory models a form of this phenomenon caused by shear Alfvén waves. Solenoidal and compressive forcings due to this phenomenon respectively decrease and increase star formation rate in molecular clouds. In accretion disks, magnetic fields act as springs in a mechanism leading to the onset of this phenomenon, which causes increased angular momentum transport. Deformable mirrors are used to correct for wavefront distortions caused by this phenomenon (-5[1])in the atmosphere in adaptive optics. The electrothermal and magnetorotational instabilities lead to this phenomenon (-5[1])in astrophysical plasmas. High wind shear causes a “clear-air” form of this phenomenon in the jet stream that can cause structural damage to airplanes. For 10 points, give this phenomenon of chaotic fluid flow. ■END■ (10[3])