N3 and its diprotonated counterpart N179 perform this process as a means of “injection” in the presence of triiodide (“tri-iodide”). The Grätzel (“GRET-sell”) group demonstrated that the ability of bipy (“bippy”) dyes to undergo this process makes them excellent panchromatic photosensitizers for solar cells. The bands produced by this process are broadened by solvatochromism. Impurities capable of this process produce the blue color of lapis lazuli and sapphires. This process routinely produces extinction coefficients exceeding 10,000 units, and is responsible for the intense colors of tetra-oxo complexes like the permanganate ion. This class of Laporte-allowed absorptions comprises the entire spectrum of d0 (“D-zero”) and d10 (“D-ten”) metal centers, which are incapable of d–d transitions. For 10 points, name these strong transitions that include metal-to-ligand and ligand-to-metal varieties. ■END■
ANSWER: charge transfer [or charge-transfer bands; or CT; accept metal-to-ligand charge transfer, ligand-to-metal charge transfer, intervalence charge transfer, intervalence transfer, MLCT, LMCT, IVCT, or IT; accept charge-transfer complexes; prompt on photoinduced charge separation or inner sphere electron transfer; prompt on electronic transitions or absorptions until each is read]
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= Average correct buzz position