The dynamics of these features are studied by equipping the Burridge–Knopoff model of a one-dimensional chain of blocks and springs with a “rate-and-state” friction law. Cataclasis (“cat-uh-CLAY-siss”) and melting within these features forms pseudotachylytes (“pseudo-TACK-ih-lites”). In practice, piercing points are rare in these features, so a bed and slickenside lineations are used to estimate a piercing point measurement. These geological features are divided into three regimes according to their maximum principal stress (10[1])in Ernest Masson Anderson’s model of them, (10[1])which is based on the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. As these features extend (10[1])downwards, they transition to ductile shear zones. Displacement (-5[1])along (-5[1])these features causes the (10[1])formation of horsts and grabens. (10[2]-5[3])For 10 points, (10[1]-5[1])“slip” (10[1])refers to the (10[1])relative (10[4])motion (10[1])at what (10[1])planar fractures (10[1])in the Earth’s crust? (10[3])■END■ (10[4]0[1])