Question
This state minted Sāmānid-style silver dirhams in the early 10th century, when it supplanted Radhanite trade between Atil and cities like Derbent. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this successor state of an “old great” Onogur confederation. The Chuvash National Congress traced its republic from this medieval state, which was visited by Friar Julian over 500 years after Kotrag founded it.
ANSWER: Volga Bulgaria [or Volga Bulgars; or Volga–Kama Bulgaria; prompt on Bulgaria, Bulghars, Bulgari, Bolghar, or variants; prompt on Proto-Bulgarians, Turkic Bulgarians, Silver Bulgars, White Bulgars, or “Interior Bulgarians”]
[10e] Volga Bulgaria adopted Islam as a tributary of this khaganate, which likely conquered Old Great Bulgaria before its elites converted to Judaism.
ANSWER: Khazars [or Khazar Khaganate or Khazar Empire or Khazaria]
[10m] Sviatoslav I razed Volga Bulgaria and conquered Khazaria after these relatives of the Cumans and Kipchaks possibly sacked Kyiv in 968. Macedonian emperors bought off these Turkic nomads, who drove the Magyars into Pannonia.
ANSWER: Pechenegs [or Pečenegi, Pečenezi, Patzinaks, Patzinakos, Patzinakoi, Patzinakitai, Patzinakia, Pizenaci, Besenyő, Besseni, Bessi, al-Bajanak, or Pieczyngowie] (The sack is reported in the Primary Chronicle.)
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Summary
| 2024 ACF Nationals | 2024-04-21 | Y | 24 | 12.50 | 75% | 50% | 0% |
Data
| Johns Hopkins | Berkeley A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Chicago A | Waterloo | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Chicago B | Indiana | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Chicago D | Cornell B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Yale B | Claremont Colleges | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Columbia A | Purdue | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| WUSTL A | Cornell A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Georgia Tech | Brown | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Northwestern | Iowa State | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Illinois | Maryland | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| McGill | Truman State | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Berkeley B | Minnesota B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Toronto A | NYU | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Harvard | North Carolina B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Arizona State | Ottawa | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Florida | Penn | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Columbia B | Rutgers | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Chicago C | South Carolina | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Stanford | North Carolina A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Texas | Minnesota A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Vanderbilt | Kentucky | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Duke | Virginia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Toronto B | WUSTL B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Michigan | Yale A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |