Question
Roman Jakobson (“YAH-cub-son”) argued that linguistic systems were generally built on oppositions between forms with this quality and those lacking it. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this property of linguistic forms that stand out when compared to default forms. Since the feminine gender often has this property, masculine forms are often used to refer to mixed-gender groups.
ANSWER: markedness [or word forms of marking; accept markedness constraints]
[10e] Carol Myers-Scotton proposed the markedness model of this behavior, in which a speaker alternates between two or more languages or varieties within a single conversation.
ANSWER: code-switching [accept code-mixing]
[10h] The utility of markedness has been criticized by Martin Haspelmath, who co-edits this massive typological database maintained by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
ANSWER: World Atlas of Linguistic Structures [or WALS]
<Social Science>
Summary
| 2024 ACF Nationals | 2024-04-21 | Y | 24 | 12.08 | 92% | 21% | 8% |
Data
| Berkeley A | Brown | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Chicago A | North Carolina A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Chicago C | North Carolina B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Rutgers | Claremont Colleges | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| WUSTL A | Columbia A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Columbia B | Ottawa | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Georgia Tech | Michigan | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Stanford | Indiana | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Illinois | Johns Hopkins | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Cornell B | Kentucky | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| NYU | Maryland | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Harvard | McGill | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cornell A | Minnesota A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Minnesota B | Truman State | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Purdue | Chicago B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Chicago D | South Carolina | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Northwestern | Toronto A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Toronto B | Arizona State | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Berkeley B | Vanderbilt | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Penn | Virginia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Florida | WUSTL B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Waterloo | Texas | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Iowa State | Yale A | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Duke | Yale B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |