George Borjas formalized an econometric model to argue that these people are not necessarily positively self-selected. Ottaviano and Peri argued that these people are imperfect substitutes in the labor market, dampening their potential competitive effects. In a paper partially titled for inequality, David Card found that a (10[1])supply shock caused by these people had no negative impact on wages (10[1])for low-skilled workers; (10[2])Card’s work (10[1])focused on these people in Miami from the Mariel (10[1])Boatlift. Geographers may divide these people’s motivations into “push” and “pull” factors. For 10 points, name these people contrasted with natives, who permanently relocate to a new country. ■END■