This quantity can take negative values at small frequencies or at large chemical potential during population inversion. Chemical potential, volume, and this quantity are the thermodynamic variables for the grand canonical ensemble. (-5[1])One over this quantity times Boltzmann’s constant equals (10[1])thermodynamic beta. This quantity is defined using the transitivity of equilibrium in the zeroth law of thermodynamics. (10[1])At constant values of this quantity, Boyle’s law states that volume and pressure are inversely proportional. (10[2])For 10 points, (10[1])name this quantity which is constant in isothermal processes, measured in rankine (10[1])or kelvin. ■END■