David J. Petersen developed an ASCII-friendly transcription of these systems called SLIPA. Several of these systems can be transcribed using a notation developed by William Stokoe (“STOH-kee”), who developed cheremes (“KEE-reems”) to study them. Judy Kegl studied one of these systems that spontaneously arose in Nicaraguan schools. One of these systems named for the town of Chilmark eventually developed (-5[1])into a now extinct system once used on Martha’s Vineyard. Thomas Gallaudet co-founded a university that uses the American form of these systems, (10[1])which uses finger spelling for proper names. For 10 points, name this form of communication often used by the deaf. ■END■