Note to moderator: read all acronyms phonetically as ‘holy cow’, ‘shoes’ etc.Baxter and Sherwin proposed a novel method of estimating this quantity from a lensing power spectrum that is independent of the sound horizon. This quantity was estimated using six lenses to 2.4 percent precision by the H0LiCOW project. It’s not Sigma 8, but a 4.4 sigma deviation between (-5[1])the value of this quantity observed by Adam Riess as part of the SH0ES project and the best fit value of this parameter in the (*) lambda-C.D.M. (10[2])model is known (-5[1])as this value’s ‘tension’. This so-called ‘constant’ equals the derivative of the comic scale parameter with respect to time. This constant is roughly equal to one over the age of the universe. (10[1])For 10 points, name this constant equal to 68 kilometres per second per megaparsec, a measure of how fast distant galaxies recede, named for an American astronomer. (10[1])■END■