Question
This phenomenon occurs when a perturbation is added to favour one vacuum over a degenerate one, causing domain walls between true and false vacua to experience this phenomenon. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this phenomenon possessed by the Schwinger model, which is one plus one dimensional QED, and also the Ising model in a tilted field.
ANSWER: confinement
[10e] The most famous example of confinement comes from QCD where quarks have quantum numbers describing this property for which QCD is named - only states lacking this property, which are sometimes called ‘white’, are detectable.
ANSWER: colour
[10m] Colourless particles act as singlets under the SU(3) group of QCD, which it has this kind of invariance under. ‘Symmetries’ of this type can act separately on each point of spacetime, unlike ‘global’ symmetries, and are really redundancies of the description.
ANSWER: gauge [prompt on local]
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