William Fleetwood’s attempt to measure this quantity in Chronicon Preciosum emerged out of a dispute about the fellowship rules of Oxford. Alberto Cavallo and Roberto Rigodon formed an MIT database used to publish a “Verdadera” number named for this quantity. A method named for Laspeyres produces higher estimates of this quantity than one named for Paasche. The Simpson-Bowles commission suggested using a (*) “chained” form of a process used to measure this quantity (10[1])to reduce substitution and small-sample biases. Market baskets are typically used to measure (10[2])this quantity, (10[1])whose core form excludes food and energy. (10[1])For 10 points, name this quantity, measured by the CPI, which means that a given amount of money buys less goods. ■END■