Question
These proteins are better adapted to fit their target through affinity maturation, which contrasts with the undirected variation induced by V(D)J recombination. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name these Y-shaped proteins that bind to antigens such as bacteria and viruses, allowing them to be eliminated by the immune system.
ANSWER: antibodies [or immunoglobulins; or Ab; or Ig]
[10m] This part of affinity maturation involves deamination of cytosine to uracil and repair with highly error-prone DNA polymerase eta. Changes are deliberately induced in antibodies in this process to find the one that best fits an antigen.
ANSWER: somatic hypermutation [or SHM]
[10h] Each arm of an antibody has three of these regions between framework regions. These regions are also called “hypervariable regions” because they mutate the most during somatic hypermutation, as they bind to the antigen.
ANSWER: complementarity-determining regions [or CDRs]
<Gerhardt Hinkle, Biology>
Summary
| 2023 Penn Bowl @ Waterloo | 10/28/2023 | Y | 4 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| 2023 Penn Bowl @ FSU | 10/28/2023 | Y | 2 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| 2023 Penn Bowl (Harvard) | 10/21/2023 | Y | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
| 2023 Penn Bowl (Mainsite) | 10/21/2023 | Y | 7 | 12.86 | 100% | 29% | 0% |
| 2023 Penn Bowl (Norcal) | 10/28/2023 | Y | 1 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| 2023 Penn Bowl (South Central) | 10/28/2023 | Y | 3 | 16.67 | 100% | 33% | 33% |
| 2023 Penn Bowl (UK) | 10/28/2023 | Y | 5 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Data
| Berkeley C | Stanford | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |