William Fleetwood’s attempt to measure this quantity in Chronicon Preciosum emerged out of a dispute about the fellowship rules of Oxford. Alberto Cavallo and Roberto Rigodon formed an MIT database used to publish a “Verdadera” number named for this quantity. A method named for Laspeyres produces higher estimates of this quantity than one named for Paasche. The Simpson-Bowles commission suggested using a (*) “chained” form of a process used to measure this quantity to reduce substitution (10[1])and small-sample biases. Market baskets and the GDP deflator are typically used to measure (10[1])this quantity, whose core form excludes food and energy. For 10 points, name this quantity, measured by the CPI, which means that a given amount of money buys less goods. ■END■ (10[1]0[1])