These quantities are distributed evenly within a semicircle for random symmetric systems according to the Wigner surmise. For non-negative systems, the existence of a unique one of these quantities with the largest magnitude is guaranteed by the Perron-Frobenius theorem. The asymptotic behavior of these quantities for the Laplace-Beltrami operator is described by Weyl’s law. If a (*) matrix is diagonalizable, there is a basis where its entries (10[1])are all zeros except on the diagonal, which takes these quantities. The set of all of these (-5[1])quantities is the spectrum. These quantities are all real for a self-adjoin matrix, and it is usually denoted by a lowercase lambda. (10[1])The solutions of the characteristic polynomial, for 10 points, identify these values that are the scale of its corresponding eigenvectors. ■END■