Foveal hypoplasia, which causes poor vision due to underdevelopment of the macula, is typically associated with this disorder. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this disorder that is characterized by a lack of melanin, resulting in red eyes and extremely pale hair and skin.
ANSWER: albinism [or albino; or oculocutaneous albinism; or OCA]
[10h] Albinism is typically caused by a defect in this enzyme that polymerizes its namesake substrate to produce melanin. It selectively oxidizes only that namesake compound and the chemically similar compound dopamine.
ANSWER: tyrosinase [or TYR]
[10m] In this autoimmune condition, the body attacks its own melanocytes, causing unpigmented patches on the skin.
ANSWER: vitiligo (“vih-tih-LYE-go”) [or leukoderma]
<Gerhardt Hinkle, Biology>