Optimization of one of these structures occurs only every few operations in the Day–Stout–Warren algorithm. A variety of these structures are optimized by performing rotate and flip operations upon inserting new values. Balance factors of elements of these structures equal the difference of descendants’ (*) heights. One type of these structures can “self-balance” in order to improve runtime by imposing rules on different colored nodes in their “red–black” variety. For a weighted undirected complete graph, Prim’s algorithm constructs a “minimum spanning” one of these structures. Degeneration to a singly linked list is the worst case for the “binary search” type of these data structures. For 10 points, name these data structures with roots. ■END■
| 2023 PACE NSC | 06/10/2023 | Y | 34 | 100% | 9% | 0% | 69.44 | 
| Player | Team | Opponent | Buzz Position | Value | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Michael Karpov | Barrington A | Belmont | 26 | 20 | 
| Ali Hamzeh | Kinkaid | Dallas County | 27 | 20 | 
| Alex Xu | Canyon Crest | Johns Creek A | 27 | 20 | 
| Huan Lin | Rockford Auburn A | Hunter A | 31 | 0 | 
| Sanjay Ranjith | Thomas Jefferson D | Stevenson A | 45 | 10 | 
| Jacob Barta | Detroit Catholic Central A | Troy | 49 | 10 | 
| Aaryan Sumesh | Thomas Jefferson C | Heights | 51 | 10 | 
| Jonathan Tao | Stevenson B | Belvidere | 51 | 10 | 
| Jiming Chen | Hinsdale Central | Winnebago | 53 | 10 | 
| Sohum Sukhatankar | St. Mark's | Detroit Country Day | 53 | 10 | 
| Alec Riso | Thomas Jefferson B | William Fremd | 53 | 10 | 
| Kaushik Gollamudi | Barrington B | Carl Sandburg | 54 | 10 | 
| Kaiwen Xiao | Irvington A | Northmont A | 55 | 10 | 
| Kevin Peng | Winston Churchill A | Thomas Jefferson A | 55 | 10 | 
| Aatreyo Bhattacharyya | Mira Loma | Maggie Walker A | 56 | 10 | 
| Aneesh Swaminathan | Plymouth | University Lab | 56 | 10 | 
| Ella Sheffield | Mercer County | Northmont B | 59 | 10 | 
| Rohan Dalal | Johns Creek B | New Brighton | 59 | 10 | 
| Claudio Bastiani-Fonck | Winston Churchill B | Walter Payton | 63 | 10 | 
| Ayan Kohli | Hunter B | Lake Highland | 65 | 10 | 
| Devesh Kumar | Maggie Walker B | Detroit Catholic Central C | 65 | 10 | 
| Brielle Rach | Rockford Auburn B | Detroit Catholic Central B | 66 | 10 | 
| Ibrahim Mohammad | Chattahoochee A | Parkway West | 67 | 10 | 
| Joy An | Choate Rosemary Hall | Mexico | 67 | 0 | 
| Brodie Henry | West Point | Hoover B | 67 | 10 | 
| Brian O'Connell | Woodland | Dunbar | 67 | 10 | 
| Tarun Devi | Chattahoochee B | Midtown | 80 | 10 | 
| William Thain | Saint Joseph | Washington | 83 | 0 | 
| Adhav Ravikumar | Innovation Academy A | Maggie Walker C | 98 | 10 | 
| Prahalad Rao | Solon | Richard Montgomery | 98 | 0 | 
| Max Kolda | John Adams A | Moberly | 102 | 0 | 
| Camden Williams | Mexico | Choate Rosemary Hall | 111 | 10 | 
| David Scott | Lincoln-Way East | Carbondale | 111 | 10 | 
| Nolan King | Elkhorn North | Cincinnati Hills Christian | 112 | 10 | 
| JT Baysinger | Moberly | John Adams A | 112 | 10 | 
| Matthew Houston | Norman | Norris | 112 | 10 | 
| Mason Severson | Norris | Norman | 112 | 0 | 
| Joshua Fan | Richard Montgomery | Solon | 112 | 10 | 
| Matthew Kohn | Hunter A | Rockford Auburn A | 112 | 10 | 
| Hayden Ley | Washington | Saint Joseph | 112 | 10 |