A pioneering study of this status inspired several statistical rebuttals from Helen Bosanquet and was the first of a 52-year series of studies of people in York with this status conducted by Seebohm Rowntree. Elliot Liebow's books Tell Them Who I Am and Tally's Corner respectively discuss women and men in this status. In addition to disability, Peter Townsend (10[1])extensively studied this status, and coined a new definition of it, which was challenged by Beverley Shaw, (10[1])based on the absence of what is ■END■