Question
Answer the following about converting between thermodynamic potentials, for 10 points each.
[10m] Helmholtz free energy is equal to internal energy minus the product of temperature and this quantity.
ANSWER: entropy [or S]
[10e] Adding the product of pressure and volume to Helmholtz free energy yields this other type of free energy. A reaction is spontaneous if and only if the change in this quantity from the reactants to the products is negative.
ANSWER: Gibbs free energy [or Gibbs energy; or G]
[10h] To instead obtain the grand potential from the Helmholtz free energy, one subtracts a set of terms each equal to the product of particle number and this conjugate variable of particle number, which is denoted by mu.
ANSWER: chemical potential
<Joseph Krol , Science - Chemistry - Physical>
Summary
| 2023 NASAT | 06/17/2023 | Y | 9 | 23.33 | 100% | 78% | 56% |
Data
| California | Asia A | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Asia B | Missouri B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Illinois White | Maryland Red | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| New Jersey A | Kentucky A | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| New Jersey B | Liberia | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Arkansas | Maryland Gold | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Missouri A | Illinois Orange | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Illinois Blue | Ohio | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Pennsylvania | Virginia | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |