A method for manipulating this quantity suffers from namesake “holes” that arise as fixed points of the dynamics of a recursively defined “chain” of replicas of the method. Artifacts due to changing this quantity are the typical cause of erroneous velocity rescaling that results (15[1])in a “flying (15[1])cube” (15[2])effect. A method for controlling this quantity (15[1])that employs weak coupling is named for Berendsen and is typically (15[1])used to make significant changes to this quantity before it is swapped out for a method named for Nosé (“no-SAY”) and Hoover. Equilibration in (*) molecular dynamics simulations typically begins by stabilizing this quantity. Total energy may vary freely when the number of particles, volume, and this quantity are held constant in the canonical ensemble. (10[1])For 10 points, name this quantity controlled by algorithms called thermostats. ■END■ (10[2])