The widespread use of black pepper in place of these objects in Renaissance Germany led to people in a certain profession being called “peppermen.” Edward I began a tradition in which these objects underwent trial by jury, the Trial of the Pyx. After adapting a top-secret process learned by Aubin Olivier (“oh-BAN oh-leev-YAY”) in Augsburg, Eloy Mestrelle introduced machine-made or “milled” versions of these objects to England. (15[1])Henry VIII secretly ordered the production of shoddy types of these objects called (*) testoons. Most European countries were unable to produce these objects during a 15th-century “Great Famine” (10[2])largely weathered by Venice and Portugal. (10[1]-5[1])Production of these (-5[1])objects resumed when transatlantic trade began from new sources like Zacatecas and Potosí. (-5[1])For 10 points, (10[2])fraudsters clipped what objects, (10[1])which in Renaissance Europe included groats, guilders, and florins? ■END■ (10[3])