Some of these systems were first described using a “top-down” approach by Bill Inmon, which contrasts with Ralph Kimball’s “bottom-up” approach. Some of these systems (-5[1])employ either “star” or “snowflake” shaped models centered around a set of “facts.” A doubly-eponymous form of these systems can be achieved if and only if all of its functional (*) dependencies are either trivial or contain a unique identifier. Large types of these systems may be called a "mart" or "warehouse." The acronym ETL denotes a popular paradigm for working with these systems and stands for extract, transform, and load. Popular examples of these systems include Postgres (“POST”-gress) and Amazon S3. The standards ACID and CRUD concern interactions with, for 10 points, what systems that may be queried using SQL ■END■