Richard von Mises calculated a critical value of this quantity beyond which an isotropic, ductile material will yield. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this quantity, the force per unit area that induces strain in a deformable material.
ANSWER: stress
[10m] The product of the stress tensor with the unit normal vector for a surface gives this quantity, the force acting on the surface per unit area.
ANSWER: traction vector
[10h] The component of the stress normal to this plane equals simply one-third the first stress invariant. This plane forms equal angles with all 3 principal axes, and it is named for the figure formed by connecting all possible examples of it.
ANSWER: octahedral plane
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