Question
Betty Hart and Todd Risley controversially asserted that children from households with lower values of this variable were exposed to 30 million fewer words by age 3. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this variable. Department store employees directed William Labov to the “fourth floor” in his study of how the pronunciation of the “R” sound changed depending on this variable.
ANSWER: socioeconomic status [or socioeconomic class or social stratification or SES; accept wealth or income or affluence]
[10e] In their critique of Hart and Risley’s word gap, Sperry, Miller, and Sperry point out that this oral practice of inventing or recounting events is very common in low-income communities. Bards performed this action.
ANSWER: storytelling [or narration or telling stories; accept synonyms for stories]
[10h] Description acceptable. The original word gap study didn’t include this speech, which per Oshima-Takane et al. helps second-born children learn pronouns more quickly. Akhtar et al. found kids learned as well from this speech as from child-directed speech.
ANSWER: overheard speech [accept ambient speech; accept other-directed speech]
<AY, Social Science>
Summary
| 2023 ARCADIA at Duke | Emory, Duke, Yale | Y | 4 | 20.00 | 100% | 75% | 25% |
| 2023 ARCADIA at Emory | Emory, Duke, Yale | Y | 4 | 12.50 | 75% | 50% | 0% |
| 2023 ARCADIA at Ohio State | Ohio State, Texas | Y | 3 | 20.00 | 67% | 100% | 33% |
| 2023 ARCADIA Online | Maryland, Online | Y | 3 | 10.00 | 67% | 33% | 0% |
| 2023 ARCADIA at Texas | Ohio State, Texas | Y | 3 | 13.33 | 67% | 67% | 0% |
Data
| Duke | James Madison A | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| James Madison B | North Carolina A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| North Carolina B | South Carolina A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| South Carolina B | NC State | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |