These phenomena cause topological defects such as “domain walls” during early universe expansion. Landau’s mean field formulation of these phenomena assumes no long-range correlation and characterizes these phenomena into universality classes. Paul Ehrenfest classified these phenomena based on which order derivative of G becomes discontinuous. Spontaneous magnetization in the two-dimensional Ising model occurs during these phenomena at the Curie point. These phenomena occur at coexistence curves on a pressure-temperature diagram and may be accompanied by the release or absorption of latent heat. These phenomena do not occur past a critical point. For 10 points, name these phenomena where one state of matter becomes another. ■END■
ANSWER: phase transitions [or phase changes; accept first-order phase transitions or second-order phase transitions; prompt on symmetry breaking by asking “what causes the symmetry breaking?”; reject specific phase transitions such as “melting”]
<Physics>
= Average correct buzz position