Question
This ion is stored in PXo (“P-X-O”) bodies, a type of organelle that was first discovered in 2022 in the midgut of Drosophila fruit flies. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this ion that is released when ATP is converted into ADP.
ANSWER: phosphate [accept phosphoryl; accept [PO4]3– (“P-O-four three-minus”)]
[10m] Most signal transduction pathways include a cascade of these enzymes, which transfer phosphate groups to substrate proteins from high-energy donors like ATP.
ANSWER: kinases [prompt on phosphotransferases; reject "phosphorylase"]
[10h] The namesake kinase of this signaling pathway activates Salvador and Warts, which go on to phosphorylate the transcription factors YAP (“yap”) and TAZ (“taz”). This pathway controls organ size and is named for some Drosophila mutants that grew big heads resembling those of a mammal species.
ANSWER: Hippo signaling pathway [or Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway; accept SWH pathway; accept Hpo pathway; prompt on hippopotamus by asking "what is the name of the pathway?"]
<Biology>
Summary
| 2023 ACF Winter @ Columbia | 11/11/2023 | Y | 6 | 11.67 | 83% | 33% | 0% |
Data
| Columbia A | Yale C | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Princeton B | Penn A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rutgers A | Princeton A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Rutgers B | Yale A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Cornell C | Vassar | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Yale B | NYU B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |