A cannibal modifies his throat with this substance to gain access to a sealed cave in the Xhosa (“KOH-suh”) folktale “Demane and Demazana.” Friezes at Musawwarāt es-Sufra (“moo-sa-wa-RAHT eh-SOO-fra”) show this substance being presented to the lion-headed god Apedemak. In a Fon myth, some of this substance made by aquatic monkeys sustains the cosmic serpent Da, who will destroy the world when its supply runs out. In the Mwindo epic, the people of Yuna gift the title hero items made of this substance before he goes to fight his father. After descending from heaven and clearing a dense forest with help from a dog, (-5[1])a deity agrees to share the secret of making this substance (-5[1])only after other orishas agree to make him chief. Mande craftsmen (10[1]-5[1])who work with this substance control (10[1])an energetic (10[1])force called nyama. (-5[1])For 10 points, the Yoruba (-5[1])deity Ogun (10[1])is associated (-5[1])with what (-5[1])substance (10[1])used to make (10[1])hoes and machetes? (10[2])■END■ (10[11]0[1])