Moisey (“moy-say”) Markov’s proposed design of these devices was attempted by the DUMAND project, but the project was canceled by the US DOE. One of these devices looks for signals of the Askaryan effect over the course of long-duration balloon flights. The first of these devices to be built on a cubic-kilometer scale has 80 subsurface strings arranged on a hexagonal grid, each string bearing 60 Digital Optical Modules. After defecting to the USSR, Bruno Pontecorvo proposed building one of these devices using carbon tetrachloride because chlorine-37 converts to argon-37 by reverse electron capture. AMANDA was a proof-of-concept for one of these devices called IceCube, which operates by using PMTs to measure Cherenkov radiation. For 10 points, Supernova 1987A was observed at Kamiokande II (“two”), an example of what devices that observe tiny, uncharged leptons? ■END■
ANSWER: neutrino detectors [or neutrino telescopes; or neutrino observatory; accept Cherenkov detectors or Cherenkov telescopes until “Cherenkov” is read; prompt on muon detectors or electron detectors until “electron capture” is read by asking “the devices were built primarily to look for what other particle?”; prompt on telescopes or particle detectors or detectors; reject “cosmic ray detectors”] (The second sentence refers to ANITA. Pontecorvo’s idea was used in the Homestake experiment.)
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= Average correct buzz position