Yodzis and Innes proposed that large ratios of this variable prevent robust consumer-resource limit cycles. A model derives the power-law dependence of [emphasize] another quantity on this variable based on the flows in a fractal- like vascular network. Energy flux per unit area is invariant with this variable by the energetic-equivalence rule. Sheldon spectra depict the inverse relationship between this variable and oceanic species abundance. J.S. Haldane (-5[1])observed that greater values of this quantity (-5[1])necessitate more complex (10[1])oxygen transport mechanisms. (10[3]-5[2])The West–Brown–Enquist model explains the three-fourths-power allometric (10[3])scaling (10[1]-5[1])of metabolic rate (-5[1])with this variable (10[1])described (10[1]-5[1])by Kleiber’s law. (10[1])Bergmann’s rule describes (10[1])how cold-dwelling species exhibit larger values of this quantity, as do many deep-sea species. For 10 points, name this value whose evolutionary extremes are gigantism (10[3])or dwarfism. (10[1])■END■ (10[5])