Small examples of these places are called “the Dots” in a 1994 working paper by James R. Hines and Eric M. Rice that lists 41 of them. A 2013 book about these places discusses the failure of the “qualified intermediary” program and proposes the creation of a register that would be fed by companies like Euroclear and Clearstream. These places are often classified as either “conduit OFCs” or “sink OFCs.” These places are the destinations of so-called “inversions,” which began in the early 1980s and became particularly popular in the late ‘90s. Gabriel Zucman has shown how nominally OECD-compliant firms often use BEPS (“beps”) tools to shift profits to these places. For 10 points, Ireland and several Caribbean (10[1])countries are prominent examples of what jurisdictions that offer very low rates of levies for foreign businesses? ■END■