Because this process favors Marcus–Coltrin paths on the concave side of a reaction pathway, it drives the “bobsled effect.” In transition state theory, this process’s impact on rate is added as a fudge factor using a zero-curvature approximation. Very high kinetic isotope effects that are not (10[1])temperature-dependent indicate that this process controls a reaction’s rate. (-5[1])For reactions that rely on this process, (10[1])such as proton tautomer·ization or amine racemization, (10[1])a factor symbolized (-5[1])capital Q is added to the Arrhenius equation. (10[2])This process accelerates DNA muta·genesis and speeds (10[1])up alcohol de·hydrogen·ase in two examples (10[1])of quantum biology. (10[1])This process allows (10[2])a helium nucleus to escape a huge (10[1])electrostatic (10[2])potential in (10[1])Gamow’s (10[3])(“GAM-ovs”) theory (10[1])of alpha decay. (10[1])For 10 (10[1])points, name this process that speeds up reactions by allowing particles to pass under the activation energy (10[1])barrier. (10[1])■END■ (10[2]0[1])