In 2020, Scott Aaronson conjectured that the busy beaver function of 20 was the upper bound of what this system could prove. Shelah showed that two implications of this system produce contradictory answers to the Whitehead problem. The first-order form of this system violates the Löwenheim–Skolem theorem, leading to Skolem’s paradox. In 1963, Paul Cohen used forcing to show that this system and the continuum hypothesis are independent of each other. This system’s inclusion of the axiom of specification allows it to avoid Russell’s paradox. The letter C is appended to this system’s name to indicate its inclusion of the axiom of choice. For 10 points, name this standard formulation of set theory proposed by two German mathematicians, often known by a two-letter acronym. ■END■
| California (North) | Main Site | Y | 3 | 67% | 0% | 100% | 103.50 |
| California (South) | Main Site | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 67.00 |
| Canada | Main Site | Y | 12 | 83% | 0% | 0% | 88.30 |
| Florida | Main Site | Y | 3 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 91.67 |
| Great Lakes | Main Site | Y | 5 | 80% | 0% | 20% | 81.00 |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | Main Site | Y | 8 | 63% | 0% | 13% | 92.80 |
| Midwest | Main Site | Y | 8 | 75% | 0% | 25% | 79.67 |
| Northeast | Main Site | Y | 5 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 77.80 |
| Overflow | Main Site | Y | 3 | 67% | 0% | 33% | 87.00 |
| South Central | Main Site | Y | 2 | 50% | 0% | 0% | 67.00 |
| Southeast | Main Site | Y | 7 | 57% | 0% | 14% | 106.00 |
| UK | Main Site | Y | 6 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 68.50 |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | Main Site | Y | 9 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 76.89 |
| Upstate NY | Main Site | Y | 4 | 50% | 0% | 0% | 65.00 |
| Player | Team | Opponent | Buzz Position | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denis Liu | Stanford B | Stanford A | 21 | -5 |
| Samuel Lipsutz | Chicago E | Chicago A | 23 | 10 |
| Oliver West | Cambridge C | LSE | 29 | 10 |
| Aiden Bang | Johns Hopkins B | John Jay | 36 | 10 |
| Ted Harrison | Edinburgh B | Bristol | 39 | 10 |
| Rohan Dalal | Georgia Tech A | Minnesota A | 45 | -5 |
| Abby Smith | Berkeley C | Berkeley D | 46 | -5 |
| Anuttam Ramji | Berkeley B | Berkeley A | 46 | -5 |
| Eric Morshed | Johns Hopkins A | Columbia A | 49 | 10 |
| Stefan Stealey-Euchner | Arizona State | UCLA B | 50 | 10 |
| Akshay Seetharam | Claremont | Washington B | 50 | 10 |
| Kevin Ye | Simon Fraser | Toronto C | 56 | 10 |
| Stephen Walsh | Northwestern B | Indiana B | 56 | -5 |
| Mattias Ehatamm | Maryland A | NYU A | 58 | 10 |
| Emmanuel Alayande | Florida B | Central Florida C | 61 | 10 |
| Kaiwen Xiao | UCLA A | UC Irvine | 61 | 10 |
| Matthew Sumanen | Georgia Tech C | Georgia Tech B | 61 | 10 |
| Philip Yao | Brown | Dartmouth B | 61 | 10 |
| Surya Dinesh | MIT | Yale | 61 | 10 |
| Eveline Ong | Oxford A | Imperial C | 64 | 10 |
| Asha Basu | McGill A | Waterloo B | 65 | 10 |
| Matthew Wang | UBC A | Waterloo A | 65 | 10 |
| Brian Hoff | Cornell B | Cornell A | 65 | 10 |
| Cade Reinberger | RIT | Penn State | 65 | 10 |
| Athena Shadden | Texas A | Texas B | 67 | 10 |
| Dennis Yang | Michigan B | Michigan State | 70 | 10 |
| Jake Meltzer | CWRU A | Michigan C | 70 | 10 |
| Noah Chin | Virginia Tech A | North Carolina C | 70 | 10 |
| Colin Veevers | Ottawa | Toronto B | 70 | 10 |
| Matthew Westley | Purdue A | Notre Dame B | 70 | 10 |
| Max Neal | Harvard B | Brandeis B | 71 | 10 |
| Zachary Joseph | Columbia B | NYU B | 72 | 10 |
| Coby Tran | Chicago C | Purdue B | 72 | 10 |
| Joy An | Harvard A | Southern Connecticut State | 72 | 10 |
| Adam Iqbal | Durham | Oxford B | 73 | 10 |
| Ben Hellman | Swarthmore | Georgetown | 74 | 10 |
| Kerry Xu | UCSD B | UCSD A | 78 | 10 |
| Amir Dolansky | Toronto E | Guelph | 78 | 10 |
| Tianyi Zheng | UCSD C | UC Santa Barbara | 79 | 10 |
| John McQueen | South Carolina A | Virginia Tech B | 82 | -5 |
| Oscar O'Flanagan | Imperial A | UCL | 82 | 10 |
| Calvin Bostleman | Ohio State A | Ohio State C | 84 | 10 |
| Ariel Faeder | Pittsburgh | CWRU B | 84 | -5 |
| John Mitnik | Columbia C | Rutgers B | 84 | 10 |
| Parker McCoig | Tennessee A | Georgia Tech D | 86 | -5 |
| Raymond Jiang | Illinois C | Indiana C | 87 | -5 |
| Abbott Sherwin | NC State A | Liberty B | 89 | 10 |
| Zaid Asif | NYU C | Vassar | 91 | 10 |
| June Miller | Florida A | Central Florida A | 92 | 10 |
| Nicolaus Derikx | Carleton University | UBC B | 93 | 10 |
| Samarth Ram | Chicago B | Illinois A | 93 | 10 |
| Michał Gerasimiuk | Stanford A | Stanford B | 95 | 10 |
| Chris Yoo | William and Mary | VCU | 95 | 10 |
| Owen Banks | Duke | North Carolina A | 97 | 10 |
| Yashwanth Bajji | Michigan A | Ohio State B | 100 | 10 |
| Dustin Sanders | Chicago D | Northwestern D | 101 | 10 |
| Seth Allen | McMaster A | Queen's | 102 | 10 |
| Ian Parsons | Maryland C | Rutgers A | 105 | 10 |
| Athan Juritsch | Toronto G | Western C | 112 | 10 |
| Swapnil Garg | Berkeley A | Berkeley B | 112 | 10 |
| Joseph Chambers | Virginia | James Madison A | 113 | 10 |
| Jack Lewis | Bruin | WashU A | 117 | 10 |
| Samuel Zheng | Toronto D | Toronto Metropolitan | 118 | 10 |
| Jacob Finley | Notre Dame A | Northwestern C | 119 | 10 |
| Peyton Legg | Central Florida B | Florida C | 122 | 10 |
| Sawyer Smith | Mississipi State | Alabama B | 122 | 10 |
| Kevin Liu | Maryland B | Catholic | 123 | 10 |
| Rishabh Dave | Berkeley D | Berkeley C | 124 | 0 |
| Yash Modi | Western B | Western A | 124 | 0 |
| Anthony Yin | CWRU B | Pittsburgh | 124 | 0 |
| Fionn O'Connor | South Carolina B | James Madison B | 124 | 0 |
| Summer Solis | James Madison B | South Carolina B | 124 | 0 |
| Ben LaFond | Cambridge B | City St. George's | 124 | 10 |
| Luke Sloan | McGill B | Brock | 124 | 0 |
| Milan Fernandez | Brock | McGill B | 124 | 0 |
| Sicheng Jiang | Toronto F | McMaster B | 124 | 10 |
| Isaac Studley | Carleton College | Missouri B | 124 | 0 |
| Lucas Barnes | Missouri B | Carleton College | 124 | 0 |
| Puna Ekka | Minnesota A | Georgia Tech A | 124 | 10 |
| Kanyon Beck | Murray State A | Texas A&M A | 124 | 0 |
| Dwight Solano | Texas A&M A | Murray State A | 124 | 0 |
| Nathan Woolery | Louisville B | Alabama A | 124 | 0 |
| Tomas Ospina | Alabama A | Louisville B | 124 | 0 |
| S. A. Shenoy | Georgia Tech D | Tennessee A | 124 | 10 |
| Ben Tibbles | Sewanee | Tennessee B | 124 | 0 |
| Alina Moore | Tennessee B | Sewanee | 124 | 0 |
| Roy Yang | WashU B | Kentucky | 124 | 0 |
| Nihal Jacob | Kentucky | WashU B | 124 | 0 |
| James Watson | Wake Forest | NC State B | 124 | 0 |
| Dan Rajaratnam | NC State B | Wake Forest | 124 | 0 |
| Nermeen Rahman | Indiana B | Northwestern B | 124 | 0 |
| Ayaan Jajodia | Dartmouth A | Brandeis A | 124 | 10 |
| Eli O'Sick Johnson | Binghamton B | Binghamton A | 124 | 0 |
| Andrew Miller | Binghamton A | Binghamton B | 124 | 0 |
| Alan Li | Cornell C | Rochester | 124 | 0 |
| Kieran Freed | Rochester | Cornell C | 124 | 0 |